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J Acupunct Res > Volume 38(4); 2021 > Article |
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Author (ref) | Sample size included →analyzed | Mean age range (y) | Diagnostic tool | Inclusion criteria | Treatment intervention (frequency) | Control intervention | Intervention period | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wu [20] |
42→42 TG 21→21 CG 21→21 |
16.65 ± 3.472 (8–24) | NR |
1) Patients undergoing scoliosis correction 2) Age 8–25 3) 3 weeks after surgery, low back pain occurred and needed treatment |
Acupotomy (1 session/wk) |
Take medicine 1) Diclofenac sodium (150 mg/d) |
2 wks |
1) The degree of pain 2) Tenderness and Swelling in the lesion 3) Muscle spasm 4) The Extent of functional Limitation 5) TER |
Wei [21] |
90→84 TG 55→53 CG 35→31 |
TG 9.12 ± 0.43 (NR) CG 8.97 ± 0.52 (NR) |
NR |
1) Age over 10 2) Risser’s sign 0–2 3) 10° ≤ Cobb’s angle ≤ 40° |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/wk) 2) Daoyin (40 min/session, 2 sessions/d) 3) Manipulation therapy (25 min/session, 1 session/wk) |
Wearing of brace (22 h/d) ※2 h for skin care and breathing exercises |
12 mo |
1) Cobb’s angle correction degree 2) Change of AEMG ratio of sEMG 3) Pulmonary function index a) VC b) FEV1/FVC c) MVV |
Wei [22] |
120→107 TG 60→58 CG 60→49 |
TG 9.1 ± 0.4 (NR) CG 8.9 ± 0.6 (NR) |
NR |
1) Age over 10 2) Risser’s sign 0–2 3) 20° ≤ Cobb’s angle ≤ 40° |
1) Acupotomy (NR) 2) Daoyin (40 min/session, 2 session/d) 3) Chuna (20–25 min/session, 2 session/wk) |
Wearing of brace (22 h/d) ※2 h for skin care and breathing exercises |
12 mo |
1) Cobb’s angle correction degree 2) AEMG and sEMG 3) Pulmonary function index a) VC b) FEV1/FVC c) MVV |
Sun [23] |
60→60 TG 30→30 CG 30→30 |
TG 62.0 ± 6.8 (47–71) CG 63.5 ± 5.3 (47–73) |
1) Postural low back pain 2) Lower limb symptoms, Femoral nerve traction test (+) or SLR test (+), Hyporeflexia of knee or achilles tendon. 3) 10° < Cobb’s angle < 40° |
1) Age over 40 2) 10° < Cobb’s angle < 30° |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/wk) 2) Spine manipulation (1 session/2 ds) |
Take medicine 1) Ibuprofen (600 mg/d, total 5 d) 2) Eperisone hydrochloride (150 mg/d, total 3 wks) |
3 wks |
1) VAS 2) ODI 3) Cobb’s angle |
Huang [24] |
42→42 TG 21→21 CG 21→21 |
TG 9.7 ± 3.3 (6–13) CG 9.8 ± 2.4 (6–12) |
NR | 10° ≤ Cobb’s angle |
1) Acupotomy (NR) 2) Spine manipulation (NR) 3) Traction therapy (15–20 min/session) (50% of body weight) |
1) Spine manipulation (NR) 2) Traction therapy (15–20 min/session) (50% of body weight) |
3 mo | TER |
Nie [25] |
34→34 TG 17→17 CG 17→17 |
TG 13.8 ± 2.6 (10–18) CG 14.4 ± 2.4 (12–18) |
The diagnostic criteria of scoliosis In «Chinese Chiropractic» for scoliosis | Ineffective after non-surgical treatment |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/5–7 ds) 2) Manipulation therapy (30 min/session, 1 session/d) |
Wearing of brace (23 h/d) ※1 hour for self-exercise and other activities |
3 mo |
1) TER 2) VAS 3-1) Cobb’s angle 3-2) Cobb’s angle average correction rate 4) Average height increase (After 6 months f/u) |
Zheng [26] |
100→100 TG 50→50 CG 50→50 |
TG 12.2 ± 2.6 (8–17) CG 11.9 ± 2.1 (7–19) |
NR | NR |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/wk) 2) Spine training (1 session/d) 3) Chiropractic (1 session/d) |
1) Manual therapy (NR) 2) Wearing of brace (20–23 h/d) |
5 wks |
1) Cobb’s angle 2) TER 3) The height of patients |
Wang [27] |
60→60 TG 30→30 CG 30→30 |
TG 21.5 ± 1.3 (16–27) CG 22.1 ± 1.9 (17–25) |
NR |
1) Athletes in the age 16–30 2) Cobb’s angle ≤ 50° 3) VAS score > 6 |
1) Acupotomy (NR) 2) Rehabilitation therapy (30–49 min/session, 1 session/d) a) Active training b) Resistance training |
Traction therapy (20 min/session, 1 session/d) (40 kg weight) | 5 wks |
1) TER 2) The Cobb’s angle 3) McGill Pain Questionnaire a) VAS b) Pain sensation c) Pain affect d) Total pain score 4) Oswestry disability index |
Min [28] |
52→52 TG 26→26 CG 26→26 |
TG 26.1 ± 3.4 (18–32) CG 26.4 ± 3.0 (18–35) |
NR | NR |
1) Acupotomy (NR) 2) Rehabilitation therapy (30–50 min/session, 1 session/d) a) Active training b) Resistance training |
Traction therapy (20 min/session*, 1 session/d) (40 kg weight) | 5 wks |
1) VAS 2) The Cobb’s angle 3) TER |
Jiang [29] |
60→60 TG 30→30 CG 30→30 |
TG 62.9 ± 6.6 (NR) CG 62.8 ± 7.1 (NR) |
The diagnostic criteria of degenerative scoliosis in «Practical Orthopedics» |
1) Age over 30 2) FCS > 30% |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/wk) 2) Traction therapy (0.5–1 h/session, 1 session/d, 5 ds/wk) |
Traction therapy (0.5–1 h/session, 1 session/d, 5 ds/wk) |
Acupotomy: 1 mo Traction: 3 mo |
1) VAS 2) Cobb’s angle 3) TPA 4) Nash-Moe spinal rotation degree |
Zhang [30] |
60→60 TG 30→30 CG 30→30 |
TG 43.9 ± 5.3 (17–70) CG 43.8 ± 5.6 (25–60) |
«Criteria for diagnosis and therapeutic effect of TCM disease» | Patients who have lumbar disc herniation with scoliosis |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/wk) 2) Massage needle treatment (1 session/wk) 3) Chiropractic (1 session/wk) |
Routine acupuncture 1) Intravenous injection (Mannitol 250 mL, safflower 20 mL, Gugua extract 10 mL) (for 3ds/15 ds) 2) Electroacupuncture, traction therapy, manual therapy (NR). |
3 wks |
1) TER 2) JOA score |
Quan [31] |
80→80 TG 40→40 CG 40→40 |
TG 14.5 ± 2.5 (12–18) CG 13.4 ± 2.4 (10–18) |
NR | 10° ≤ Cobb’s angle |
1) Acupotomy (1 session/wk) 2) Chiropractic (NR) |
Wearing of brace (23 h/d) ※1 hour for self-exercise |
3 mo |
1) TER 2-1) Cobb’s angle 2-2) Cobb’s angle average correction rate 3) Average height increase (After 6 months f/u) |
* In the text, it was originally written as 2 minutes/session, but considering the other contents in the text, it was thought to be a typo of 20 minutes. In this regard, we contacted the corresponding author of the study, but it was not possible.
TG, treatment group; CG, control group; NR, not reported; sEMG, surface electromyogram; AEMG, average electromyogram; VC, vital capacity; FEV1/FVC, the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the 1 second of forced vital capacity; MVV, maximal voluntary volume per minute; VAS, visual analogue scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index; TER, total effective rate; FCS, (standing position Cobb’s angle-Supine position correction position lower Cobb’s angle) / (standing position Cobb’s angle); TPA, T1 pelvic angle; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; SLR test, straight leg raising test
Author (ref) | Needle type | Treatment site | Insert number | Stimulation method | Sensation indicating proper procedure | Needle retention time | Anesthesia (type)/ultrasound guide | Frequency | Total No. treatment session | Qualifications or experiences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wu [20] | NR | Pain points (usually found at about 2–3 cm on both sides of the spine). | 5–6 | Longitudinal, lateral cutting and swinging. | NR | No retention | Y (2% lidocaine)/NR | 1 session/wk | 2 | NR |
Wei [21] | No.2 (Zhu Hanzhang-type) | Low back fascia, thoracolumbar junction, ligaments and soft tissues around the articular processes of the spine, adhesion scars. | 5–7 | NR | NR | No retention | NR/NR | 1 session/wk | 10 | NR |
Wei [22] | No.2 (Zhu Hanzhang-type) | The convex and concave side of scoliosis, contracture band in compensatory site of scoliosis, lumbodorsal fascia ligament, thoracolumbar junction ligament, thoracic facet and adhesions, soft tissue around neck. | 5–7 | NR | NR | No retention | NR/NR | 1 session/wk | 10 | NR |
Sun [23] | Blade- shaped needle knife, Round-head needle knife | The tender points and induration points of the convex and concave side of scoliosis, adjacent facet joint of the apex vertebrae | 3–5 | Scatter 3 to 5 needles on the surface of the deep fascia after touch the cord-like induration, move linearly along the longitudinal axis. Then, using a round needle knife, draw along the surface of the facet joint. | Loose texture (practitioner) | No retention | Y(NR)/NR | 1 session/wk | 3 | NR |
Huang [24] | NR | Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, erector spinae, semispinalis, iliocostal muscles, rotator muscles, intertransverse muscles, longissimus muscle, rhomboid muscle, spinous ligament, quadratus lumborum, psoas major, psoas minor. | NR | NR | NR | No retention | Y (lidocaine)/NR | NR | NR | NR |
Nie [25] | NR | Lumbodorsal fascia, thoracolumbar junction, lumbar articular process ligament, soft tissue of thoracic spine and cervical spine, pleural adhesion scar. | NR | NR | NR | No retention | NR/NR | 1 session/ 5–7 d | 9 | NR |
Zheng [26] | No.2 (Zhu Hanzhang-type) | The edge of the iliac bone near the pain points, Internal labial bone surface or the iliac crest. | NR | Peel off longitudinal axis, rotate the knife edge 90°, and peel off horizontally 2–3 times. | NR | No retention | NR/NR | V | 5 | NR |
Wang [27] | NR | The convex and concave side of scoliosis, pain points and induration points. | 6–8 | NR | Loose texture (practitioner) | 1 min | NR/NR | NR | NR | NR |
Min [28] | NR | Tender points or pain points on both sides of the spine (often found at the apex of the convex and concave side of scoliosis or at the junction between them). | NR | Enter the needle vertically and loosen the hard tissues by cutting, peeling, shoveling. | Clicking sound, Loose texture (practitioner) | 1 min | NR/NR | NR | NR | NR |
Jiang [29] | 8–10 cm or 10–12 cm* | Tip and upper, lower edges of transverse process on the concave side of the scoliosis spine, small joint capsule, tender points. | NR | After reaching deep fascia layer, prick 4–6times and cut along the edge of the transverse process tip. After touching hard mass nodule and strip-like tissue, prick along its longitudinal axis, and loosening the articular joint longitudinally. | Loose texture (practitioner) | No retention | Y(NR)/NR | 1 session/wk | 4 | NR |
Zhang [30] | No.4 |
Tender points, 1–1.5 cm on both sides of the spinous process, internal disc or external disc of the intervertebral disc, intertransverse process muscle and ligament, sacroiliac ligament, root of transverse process. ※Presence of symptoms in the lower limb: method 1 and 2. ※Absence of symptoms in the lower limb: only method 2. |
NR |
#1 Internal disc release: After reaching lateral edge of facet joint, push down the needle tip to the root of the inferior transverse process 3–5 times. Then, the needle tip was close to the upper edge of transverse process to release the intertransverse muscle and ligaments 3–5 times. #2 External disc release: Reach the knife at the tip of next transverse process. The stimulation method is the same of #1. |
Loose texture (practitioner) | No retention | Y (lidocaine + sodium bicarbonate + vitamin B12 + triamcinonide)/NR | 1 session/wk | 3 | NR |
Quan [31] | No.4 | L3,4,5 spinous process, interspinous process, transverse process, sacral median sacral crest, posterior sacrum, ligamentum flavum of L3–4, L4–5, L5-S1. | NR | The elastic cutting puncture method | Loose texture (practitioner) | No retention | NR/NR | 1 session/wk | 4 | NR |
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