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J Acupunct Res > Volume 39(2); 2022 > Article |
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Study ID | Study characteristics | Study description | Procedure | Effects/adverse events | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | Control | ||||
Farahmand et al/ 2014 [14] |
Country: Iran Design: RCT SS:126 |
Condition: Metabolic syndrome Sex (M/F): 58–78 AA:18–65 Duration: 12 wk Number: 3 × Outcome measure: BDI Cupping points: Between the spinal process of the 1st and 3rd thoracic vertebrae. |
Applicator: Doctor - Partial vacuum was caused with a cup. - Wet cupping was applied to bloodletting points by a sterile razor and suction was activated -After 5–10 min, the cup was removed and the skin was bandaged |
Only isocaloric diet |
Adverse: NR -There was a significant variation in scores between assessment points for anxiety and depression (p < 0.001), but these did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.78 and p = 0.69) |
Saeed et al/ 2015 [15] |
Country: Egypt Design: RCT SS:46 |
Condition: Smoking addiction Sex (M/F): 46- AA: 36 Duration: 12 wk Number: 3 × Outcome Measure: BDI Cupping points: 7th cervical spine between the 2 shoulder blades area behind the ear |
Applicator: NR -The sessions were conducted on the 17th, 19th, and 21st of the lunar months. -For all patients, detailed medical history and thorough clinical examination were documented. -The procedure was explained and provided written consent. - Room temperature was adjusted - The patient took a position (the sitting or supine position) - The skin of the patient was cleaned with an antiseptic solution - An appropriate size of cups was selected and applied to 4 points -The cups were left for a few min and then it was removed -The selected points were scarified (2 cm). The cup was again placed on the 4 points selected and then the cups were unscrewed - The wound was rubbed with an antibiotic ointment and then covered with a sterile bandage for 1 d. |
Only smoking cessation program |
Adverse: NR -During the 2nd follow-up, there was a significant decrease in the frequency of anxiety in the patients in Group 2 compared with the patients in Group 1 (p: 0.04). -Wet cupping therapy may be effective as an adjuvant in a smoking cessation program. |
Benli et al/ 2016 [16] |
Country: Turkey Design: A case report SS:1 |
Condition: Posttraumatic stres Sex (M/F): −/1 AA: 42 Duration: 4 wk Number: 1 × Outcome Measure: PSQI Cupping points: DU14, B41 (bilaterally), B43 (bilaterally) |
Applicator: NR - Physical examination and laboratory tests were made -Wet cupping was performed on selected 5 points |
None |
Adverse: NR -The patient stated that he slept comfortably from the 1st d and his need for alprazolam decreased. -The amount of trazodone use decreased. - In the 6-month follow-up of the patient, it was stated that the sleep disorder problem decreased but did not completely go away. |
Al Jaouni et al/ 2017 [19] |
Country: Saudi Arabia Design: RCT SS:629 |
Condition: Chronic medical disease Sex (M/F): 127/502 AA: 44.18 Duration: 1 wk Number: 1 × Outcome Measure: WHOQOL-BREF Cupping points: NR |
Applicator: Doctor -All participants were provided with information and provided written consent. - The patient took a position (the sitting or supine position) The practitioner wore sterilized gloves and a face mask. -A surgical blade was used to superficially cut the skin (about 10 cuts) - An appropriate size of cups was selected and cups were applied (a period of 5 to 10 min) and then it was removed -The cup was removed and sterilized with 75% alcohol. -Cupping was applied again (5–10 min), removed then cleaned with 75% alcohol. -The wounds were sterilized with 2% iodine, covered with gauze, and fixed bandage for 24 hours. |
Routine treatment |
Adverse: None The scores of all domains especially psychological health improved after wet cupping therapy (p >0.001) |
Benli et al/2018 [17] |
Country: Turkey Design: A case report SS:1 |
Condition: PD Sex (M/F): 1/− AA: 39 Duration: 60 wk Number: 7 × Outcome Measure: HAM-A Cupping points: (DU14), BL41 (bilaterally), BL44 (bilaterally) |
Applicator: NR -Physical examination and laboratory tests were made -Wet cupping was performed in 6 steps (skin demarcation, sterilization, cupping, puncturing, cupping, and sterilization) on selected 5 acupuncture points |
None |
Adverse: NR -After the 1st cupping session, he said that his symptoms of panic disorder decreased. After 15 d, he stopped using the drug and confirmed he did not experience panic attacks. -Wet cupping could play a role in the treatment of anxiety disorders. |
Ersoy et al/ 2019 [18] |
Country: Turkey Design: pre-post TM (single arm) SS:53 |
Condition: Healthy volunteers Sex (M/F): 27–26 AA: 43,68 Duration: 12 wk Number: 3 × Outcome Measure: WHOQOL-BREF Cupping points: DU14, UB42 (bilateral), UB46 (bilateral) |
Applicator: NR -All participants were provided with information and provided written consent. -The skin of the patient was cleaned with a povidone iodine solution - An appropriate size of cups was selected and cups were applied to 5 points (a period of 3 to 5 min) and then it was removed - 2–3 mm deep and 3–5 mm long superficial incisions were made on the skin with a sterile surgical blade (no:11) - The cup was again placed on the 5 points selected and then the cups were unscrewed A sterile bandage was applied |
None |
Adverse: None -Psychological domains of the participants as well improved after sessions overall and in all the subgroups (p < 0.001) -Quality of life may be improved in healthy adults by wet cupping therapy. |
Kaki et al/ 2019 [20] |
Country: Saudi Arabia Design: POS SS:128 |
Condition: Migraine Sex (M/F): 14–114 AA: 40.5 Duration: 4 wk Number: 4 × Outcome Measure: WHOQOL-BREF Cupping points: Under the head and between the shoulders |
Applicator: Expert Therapist - All participants were provided with information - Skin laceration was performed using a sterile surgical lancet. -Firstly, cups were applied to bloodletting points and suction was activated - Sterilization of skin was performed, and skin laceration was performed using a sterile 22-surgical lancet. -It was initiated by reapplying the cups on the skin scarification points to encourage bloodletting --After 5–10 min, the cup was removed, the skin was cleaned with alcohol and covered with gauze for 24 hours. |
None |
Adverse: None -There was a significant improvement in the quality of life after wet cupping treatment (p < 0.050) -Patients indicated that they decreased episodes of negative feelings such as blue mood, despair, anxiety, and depression (p : 0.002) |
Rahman et al/ 2020 [21] |
Country: India Design: pre-post TM SS:10 |
Condition: Depression Sex (M/F): 10/− AA: 20–25 Duration: 4 wk Number: 4 × Outcome Measure: BDI Cupping points: NR |
Applicator: NR - Physical examination and laboratory tests were made -The procedure was explained to the patient. After informed consent was obtained -Medical history was taken note of bleeding disorders and medications that may increase the risk of bleeding. -Vitals were monitored -Cups were applied on the head after making superficial incisions until the bleeding stopped on its own -Area was cleaned and bandaged. |
None |
Adverse: NR Wet cupping therapy was found to be significant and effective in managing cases of moderate depression (p > 0.001 |
Noor et al/ 2021 [22] |
Country: Pakistan Design: pre-post TM (single arm) SS:132 |
Condition: Depression Sex (M/F): 51/69 AA: 69 Duration: 12 wk Number: 6 × Outcome Measure: GDS Cupping points: C4, C5, C7, T1, T2 and T3 on neck and shoulder respectively |
Applicator: Trained Researcher -Consent was obtained from the patients -The points were cleaned with alcohol and the sterilized disposable cup was placed on the points for manual vacuum (5 min). - The cuts were made with the help of a lancet and the cup was again placed on the same points as described above - The cups were removed (after 5–10 min) and then the area was cleaned and honey was applied, then sterilized gauze was placed for 12 to 24 hours. |
None |
Adverse: NR -The decrease in GDS scale between pre and post-intervention was statistically significant (p < 0.001). - The mean score of GDS before intervention: 8.95 ± 2.09, after 1 month: 6.05 ± 1.54 and after 3 months of continued:4.63 ± 1.47 |
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