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J Acupunct Res > Volume 38(1); 2021 > Article |
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First author, year | Nation | Intervention group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Comparison group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Main outcomes | Intergroup difference | Adverse event | Authors conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basford 1999 [8] | USA | LILI (30/27) | Sham LILI (29/29) |
1) ODI 2) Modified Schober test 3) VAS |
1) p = 0.001 2) p = 0.949 3) p = 0.007 |
No SAEs | Laser > control (in pain and function), benefits decreased with time. |
Djavid 2007 [11] | Iran | LLLT (20/19) | Sham LLLT (19/18) |
1) VAS 2) Schober test 3) Lumber flexion 4) Lumbar extension 5) Right lateral flexion 6) Left lateral flexion 7) ODI |
1) p = 0.03 2) p < 0.01 3) p < 0.01 4)–6) Not different 7) p = 0.03 |
No AEs | Laser > control (in pain and function) |
Glazov 2009 [12] | Australia | LA (50/45) | Sham LA (50/45) |
1) VAS 2) ODI 3) Global assessment of effectiveness of treatment 4) DASS-21 5) PWI-A 6) SWH |
1)–7) Not different | n.r. | No difference |
Glazov 2014 [13] | Australia | LA (48/48) | Sham LA (48/46) |
1) NRS 2) ODI 3) NLARS |
1)–2) Not different | No AEs | No difference |
Heish 2013 [14] | Taiwan | Light therapy (35/33) | Sham Light therapy (35/27) |
1) L-spine ROM 2) VAS 3) MFI 4) Biodex Stability System 5) FABQ 6) FAI 7) ODI 8) 5 repeated chair-rising time, Osteoarthritis quality of life |
1)–4) Not different 5) p = 0.04 (physical) p = 0.007 (work) 7) p = 0.021 6),8) Not different |
No AEs | Laser > control (in the severity of disability and fear avoidance beliefs) |
Lin 2012 [15] | Taiwan | LA (28/21) | Sham LA (29/21) |
1) VAS 2) Ryodoraku value |
1) Not different 2) changed back to almost original values in active group (reinforcing effect) |
n.r. | No difference |
Lin 2017 [16] | Taiwan | LA (25/20) | Sham LA (23/20) |
1) VAS 2) Plasma cortisol levels |
1) p = 0.005 2) p = 0.65 |
n.r. | Laser > control (in pain) |
Shin 2015 [17] | Republic of Korea | LA (28/28) | Sham LA (28/26) |
1) VAS 2) PGIC 3) PPT 4) EQ-5D |
1)–4) Not different | No AEs and SAEs | No difference |
Soriano 1998 [9] | Argentina | Laser Treatment (38) | Sham Laser Treatment (33) |
1) VAS (0–29% relief, poor) 2) VAS (30–59% relief, regular) 3) VAS (60–89% relief, good) 4) VAS (90–100% relief, excellent) 5) Therapeutic efficacy |
1)–3) n.r 4) p < 0.01 5) p < 0.007 |
No AEs | Laser > sham (in pain) |
Vallone 2014 [18] | Italy | Diod Laser (50) | Sham Diod Laser (50) | 1) VAS | 1) p < 0.001 | No AEs | Laser > sham (in pain) |
Choi 2007 [19] | Republic of Korea | LLLI (8) | Sham LLLI (8) |
1) VAS 2) Modified Schober test |
1) p = 0.001 2) p = 0.010 |
n.r. | Laser > sham (in pain and lumbar mobility) |
Klein 1990 [20] | USA | LELT (10) | Sham LELT (10) |
1) VAS 2) Disability score 3) Lumbar flexion 4) Lumbar rotation 5) Lumbar side flexion 6) Lumbar extension 7) isometric torque 8) isodynamic velocity |
1) p = 0.493 2) p = 0.919 3)–8) Not different |
No AEs | No difference |
Ruth 2010 [21] | Germany | LA (51/46) | Sham LA (51/47) |
1) Chronic pain Index 2) Disability score 3) FABQ |
1)–3) Not different | No AEs | No difference |
LILI, low-intensity laser irradiation; LLLT, low-level laser therapy; LA, laser acupuncture; LLLI, low-level laser irradiation; LELT, low-energy laser treatment; ODI, Oswestry disability index; VAS, visual analog scale; DASS, depression anxiety stress scale; PWI, personal wellbeing index; SWH, satisfaction with health; NRS, numerical rating scale; NLARS, numerical rating scale of limitation of activities; MFI, multi-fatigue inventory; FABQ, fear-avoidance behavior questionnaire; FAI, Frenchay activities index; PGIC, patient global impression of change; PPT, pressure pain threshold; EQ-5D, Euro-Wuality-of-Life Five Dimensions; n.r., not reported; AE, adverse event; SAE, serious adverse event; allocated Pt., number of allocated patients; analyzed Pt., number of analyzed patients.
First author, year | Nation | Intervention group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Comparison group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Main outcomes | Intergroup difference | Adverse event | Authors conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tantawy 2019 [24] | Kingdom of Bahrain | LP (15/15) | US (15/15) |
1) Modified ODI 2) VAS 3) PDI 4) 6 MWT 5) Flexion ROM 6) Extension ROM |
1) p = 0.001 2) p = 0.03 3) p = 0.01 4) p = 0.04 5) p = 0.03 6) p = 0.04 |
n.r. | LP > US (in pain, disability, mobility) |
Liu 2017 [26] | China | LI (53) | Manipulation (53) |
1) VAS 2) ICF |
1)–2) p > 0.05 | n.r. | No difference |
LP, laser photomodulaton; US, ultrasound therapy; LI, linear-polarized near- infared light; ODI, Oswestry disability index; VAS, visual analog scale; PDI, pain disability index; 6 MWT, 6-minute walk test; ROM, range of motion; ICF, international classification of functioning, disability and health; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.
First author, year | Nation | Intervention group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Comparison group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Main outcomes | Intergroup difference | Adverse event | Authors conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tantawy 2019 [24] | Kingdom of Bahrain | (1) LP+ (2) Ex (15/15) | (2) Ex (15/15) |
1) Modified ODI 2) VAS 3) PDI 4) 6 MWT 5) Flexion ROM 6) Extension ROM |
1)–6) p < 0.05 | n.r. | LP+Ex. > Ex. (in pain, disability, mobility) |
Guo 2010 [25] | China | (1) Diode Laser+ (2) Maitland technique (30) | (2) Maitland technique (30) | 1) JOA | 1) p < 0.01 | n.r. | Laser (1) + (2) > (2) (in disability) |
Qin 2010 [27] | China | (1) Laser diode radiation + (2) Massage (30) | (2) Massage (30) | 1) JOA | 1) p < 0.01 | n.r. | Laser (1) + (2) > (2) (in disability) |
Gur 2003 [28] | Turky | (1) LPLT + (2) Ex. (25) | (2) Ex. (25) |
1) VAS 2) Roland disability questionnaire 3) Modifide ODI 4) Schober test 5) Antero-posterior flexion 6) lateral flexion (right) 7) lateral extension (left) |
1)–5) p > 0.05 | n.r. | No difference |
LP, laser photomodulaton; Ex., exercise; LPLT, low power laser therapy; ODI, Oswestry disability index; VAS, visual analog scale; PDI, pain disability index; 6 MWT, 6-minute walk test; ROM, range of motion; JOA, Japanese orthopaedic association; n.r., not reported; allocated Pt., number of allocated patients; analyzed Pt., number of analyzed patients.
First author, year | Nation | Intervention group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Comparison group (allocated Pt./analyzed Pt.) | Main outcomes | Intergroup difference | Adverse event | Authors conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ammar 2015 [22] | Egypt | MIPE (39/35) | LLLT (37/35) |
1) FRI 2) VAS 3) Flexion ROM 4) Extension ROM |
1) p = 0.21 2) p = 0.41 3) p = 0.81 4) p = 0.16 |
n.r. | No difference |
Dogan 2017 [23] | Turky | LLLT 1 (20) | LLLT 2 (29) |
1) VAS 2) Patient’s global assessment 3) Physician’s global assessment 4) Modified Schober test 5) Right lateral flexion 6) Left lateral flexion 7) Modifide ODI |
1) p = 0.901 2) p = 0.569 3) p = 0.925 4) p = 0.061 5)–7) p < 0.01 |
No AEs | No difference |
Glazov 2014 [13] | Australia | LA1 (48/48) | LA2 (48/47) |
1) NRS 2) ODI 3) NLARS |
1)–2) Not different | No AEs | No difference |
MIPE, monochromic infrared photo energy; LLLT, low-level laser therapy; LA, laser acupuncture; LLLI, low-level laser irradiation; LELT, low-energy laser treatment; FRI, functional rating index; VAS, visual analog scale; ROM, range of motion; ODI, Oswestry disability index; NRS, numerical rating scale; NLARS, numerical rating scale of limitation of activities; n.r., not reported; AE, adverse event; allocated Pt., number of allocated patients; analyzed Pt., number of analyzed patients.
First author, year | Study design | Medium (model, manufacturer) | Wavelength (nm)/type | Power output (mW)/power density (mW/cm2) | Energy density (J/cm2) / dose/point (J/point) | Beam size/ number of treatment/treatment time | Treatment session & interval | Other interventions on both group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basford 1999 [8] | RCT | Nd:YAG (1.06 μm Nd:YAG continuous-wave laser™) | 1,060 / continuous | 2,660*/ 542 | 48.78 / 239.3* | 2.5 cm (diameter) / 8 points (along the L2–L3)/ 90 s*8 = 720 s (12 min) | 12 times, 3 times a week, 4 weeks | None |
Djavid 2007 [11] | RCT | GaAlAs (n.r.) | 810 / continuous | 50 / 226.1* | 27 / 5.9697* | 0.2211 cm2 / 8 points in paravertebral region (L2 to S2–3) / 20 min | 12 times, 2 times a week, 6 weeks | Exercise |
Glazov 2009 [12] | RCT | GaAlAs (Acupak, Melbourne, Australia) | 830 / continuous | 10 / 50 | 1* / 0.2 | 0.2 cm2 / 8 points (individualized acupoints) / 20 s/points | 5~10 times, once a week, average of 9.1 weekly sessions | Exercise |
Glazov 2014 [13] | RCT | GaAlAs (Acupak, Melbourne, Australia) | 830 / continuous | 20 / 100 | 1* / 0.2 | 0.2 cm2 / 9 points (individualized acupoints) / 10 s/points | 8 times, once a week, 8 weeks | None |
Heish 2013 [14] | RCT | GaAlAs (Anodyne Therapy Professional System 480 (Anodyne, Tampa, FL, USA) | 890 / n.r. | 780 / 34.7 | 83.28 / 1,873.8* | 22.5 cm2 / 8 points (Low back region) / 40 min | 6 times, 3 times a week, 2 weeks | Hot-pack |
Lin 2012 [15] | RCT |
n.r. (LA400, United Integrated Services Co., Ltd., Taiwan) |
808 / pulse type (pulse rate 20Hz) | 20 (40;50% duty cycle of pulse) / 25 | 15 / 12* | 0.8 cm2/ 4 points (BL40, Ashi acupoints) / 10 min | 5 times, 5 times a week, one week | Soft cupping |
Lin 2017 [16] | RCT |
n.r. (LA400, United Integrated Services Co., Ltd., Taiwan) |
808 / pulse type (pulse rate 20Hz) | 20 (40;50% duty cycle of pulse) / 25 | 15 / 12* | 0.8 cm2/ 4 points (BL40, Ashi acupoints) / 10 min | 5 times, 5 times a week, one week | Chinese cupping |
Shin 2015 [17] | RCT |
n.r. (Solco-LF100, Solco Biomedical Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Korea) |
660 / pulse type (pulse rate 200 Hz) | 25 (50;50% duty cycle of pulse) / 625* | 112.5 / 4.5* | 0.04 cm2/ 13 acupoints (GV3, GV4, GV5, bilateral BL23, BL24, BL25, BL40, GB30) / 3 min/point | 3 times, 3 times a week, one week | None |
Soriano 1998 [9] | RCT |
GaAs (n.r.) |
904 / pulse type (pulse rate 10,000 Hz) | 40 /26.7 × 106* | 2.67 × 106 / 4* | 1.5*10–6 cm2/ Low back region / 100 s | 10 times, 5 times a week, 2 weeks | None |
Vallone 2014 [18] | RCT |
GaAlAs (LEONARDO BIO DMT dental medical technologies, Lissone, Italy) |
980 / continuous | 20 × 103 / 625* | 37.5 / 1,200 | 32 cm2/ 6 points in paravertebral region (L2 to S2–S3) / 1 min/point | 9 times, 3 times a week, 3 weeks | Exercise |
Choi 2007 [19] | RCT |
GaAs (Combi500, Gymna, Belgium) |
904 / pulse type (pulse duration 155 ns) | 14 / n.a. | n.a. /2.5 | n.r. / 10 points in paravertebral region / 3 min/point | 10 times, 5 times a week, 2 weeks | None |
Klein 1990 [20] | RCT |
GaAs (Omniprobe™ laser biostimulation unit) |
904 / pulse type (pulse rate 10,000 Hz) | 5.42 / 5.42* | 1.3 / 1.3 | 1 cm2/ Low back region (L4 toL5, L5 to S1) / 4 min/point | 12 times, 3 times a week, 4 weeks | Exercise |
Ruth 2010 [21] | RCT |
n.r. (Laserneedle™) |
680, 785/ continuous | 50–150 / 1–5 | n.a./n.a. | n.r./ 8 points (BL 23, 40, 60, Ni3, GB-track, Ashi acupoints) / 15 min | 10 times, 2 times a week, 5 weeks | Conventional therapy |
First author, year | Study design | Medium (model, manufacturer) | Wavelength (nm)/type | Power output (mW)/power density (mW/cm2) | Energy density (J/cm2) /dose/point (J/point) | Beam size/number of treatment/treatment time | Treatment session & interval | Other interventions on both group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tantawy 2019 [24] | RCT |
(1) LP GaAlAs (FISIOLASERSCAN HP4, CHINESPORT, Udine, Italy) |
808 / continuous | 25* / 113.6 | 17.05 / 3.75 | 0.22 cm2 / 8 points (L2–S3) / 150 s/point | 16 times, twice a week, 8 weeks | Exercise |
(2) US (Chattanooga, 278 w/Ultrasound, New York, USA) |
Frequency: 1 MHz /Continuous wave /Intensity: 1 W/cm2 | 5 cm2 / Lumbar vertebral region / 10 min | ||||||
Liu 2017 [26] | RCT |
(1) LI n.r. (Super Lazer HA-2200) |
n.r. | n.a. | n.a. | n.r / Acu points in lumbar region / 7 min/points | 20 times, every day, 20 days | None |
(2) Manipulation |
1) Patient in prone position with abdominal pad with soft pillow and Rolling method to make a large massage on the waist and hips. Gradually roll from around to the center of the pain point, repeated several times from slight to heavy. 2) Take a finger manipulation method to take BL23, BL25, BL52, and BL40, and push each point for about 1 minute. 3) Then, along the sides of the waist, along the BL-track is scrolled up and down. Finally, take passive traction of the lower back muscles, fascia and ligaments. |
First author, year | Study design | Medium (model, manufacturer) | Wavelength (nm)/type | Power output (mW)/power density (mW/cm2) | Energy density (J/cm2) /dose/point (J/point) | Beam size/ number of treatment/Treatment time | Treatment session & interval | Other interventions on both group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tantawy 2019 [24] | RCT |
(1) LP GaAlAs (FISIOLASERSCAN HP4, CHINESPORT, Udine, Italy) |
808 / continuous | 25* / 113.6 | 17.05 / 3.75 | 0.22 cm2 / 8 points (L2–S3) / 150 s/point | 16 times, twice a week, 8 weeks | None |
(2) Exercise | Active strengthening, stretching, mobilization, coordination, and maintaining stabilization of back. | 15 times, 3 times a week, 8 weeks | ||||||
Guo 2010 [25] | RCT |
(1) Diode laser GaAlAs (MDC1000–31BP, Shanghai) |
830 / n.r. | 300–500/n.a. | n.r. / n.a. | n.r./ n.r. / 5 min/point | 10–20 times, n.r. | None |
(2) Maitland technique | Manipulation method including traction, stretching, massage in lumbar spine. | |||||||
Qin 2010 [25] | RCT |
(1) Laser diode radiation GaAlAs GaAlAs (MDC1000-31BP, Shanghai) |
830 / n.r. | 300–500/n.a. | n.r. / n.a. | n.r./ n.r. / 5–10 min/point | 10–20 times, n.r. | None |
(2) massage | Manipulation method including rolling, finger pressure, traction etc. | |||||||
Gur 2003 [28] | RCT |
(1) Laser GaAs (n.r.) |
904 / pulse type (pulse rate 2.1 kHz) | 42.42* /4.2 | 1 / 10.1 | 10.1 cm2 / Pain points (L4–5, L5–S1) / 4 min | 20 times/ 5 times a week / 4 weeks | None |
(2) Exercise | Lumbar flexion and extension, knee flexion, hip adduction exercise and strength exercises of extremity muscle group. | 40 times/ 2 times a day / 4 weeks |
First author, year | Study design | Medium (model, manufacturer) | Wavelength (nm)/type | Power output (mW) /power density (mW/cm2) | Energy density (J/cm2) /dose/point (J/point) | Beam size/number of treatment/treatment time | Treatment session & interval | Other interventions on both group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ammar 2015 [22] | RCT |
GaAlAs Anodyne™ Therapy System, model 480 (Anodyne Therapy, LLC, Tampa, Florida) |
890 / pulse type (pulse rate 292Hz) | 267 / 11.85* | 2.13* / 48 | 22.5 cm2/ 8 points (either side in lumbar spine) / 30 min | 12 times, 2 times a week, 6 weeks | Exercise |
GaAlAs (Chattanooga group, USA) |
850 / continuous type | 100 / 12.7 × 103* | 1,143 / 9 | 1 mm (diameter)/ 8 points along the lumbosacral spine (T12–S3) / 90 s/point | ||||
Dogan 2017 [23] | RCT |
GaAlAs (Chattanooga group, USA) |
850 / continuous type | 100 / 1,428* | 342.7 / 24* | 0.07 cm2/ 4 point (L4–L5, L5–S1) / 4 min | 15 times, 5 times a week, 3 weeks | hot-pack |
HeNe + GaAlAs (n.r.) |
HeNe 680mm 10 diodes (1) + GaAlAs 785nm 3 diodes (2) + GaAlAs 980nm 4 diodes (3) / continuous |
(1) 7 mW/ n.a. (2) 50 mW/ n.a. (3) 10 mW/ n.a. |
3 / n.a. | 112 cm2/ 17 point (L4–L5, L5–S1) / 20 min | ||||
Glazov 2014 [13] | RCT |
GaAlAs (Acupak, Melbourne, Australia) |
830 / continuous | 20 / 100 | 1* / 0.2 | 0.2 cm2/ 9 points (individualized acupoints) / 10 s/points | 8 times, once a week, 8 weeks | none |
GaAlAs (Acupak, Melbourne, Australia) |
830 / continuous | 20 / 100 | 4* / 0.8 | 0.2 cm2/ 9 points (individualized acupoints) / 40 s/points |
Acupotomy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2021 May;38(2)
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