I. Introduction
II. Treatment and evaluation methods
1. Treatment methods
1) Pharmacopuncture therapy
2) Acupuncture treatment
3) Cupping
4) Herbal medicine treatment
2. Methods of Evaluation
1) Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
2) Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
3) European quality of life 5 dimension (EQ-5D)
III. Cases
1. Case 1
5) Present illness
6) General condition
Sleep pattern: Slept well without pain
Diet: Normal appetite (one bowl of rice per meal). Occasionally, the patient experienced gas in the bowels
Urination: Favorable
Bowel movements: Once a day with loose stools
Thirst: Usually drank a less than the average amount of warm water
Sweating: Usually had less sweat than average
Tongue assessment: Red tongue
Radial pulse assessment: Relaxed pulse (緩脈)
8) Radiology
2. Case 2
5) Present illness
6) General condition
Sleep pattern: Awoken by pain once a day
Diet: normal appetite (one bowl of rice per meal)
Urination: favorable
Bowel movements: Once a day, normal stools
Thirst: Usually drank more than the average amount of cold water
Sweating: Usually had a little more than the average amount of sweat
Tongue assessment: Red tongue
Radial pulse assessment: Relaxed pulse (緩脈)
8) Radiology
MM: Degenerative tear of anterior horn with a perimeniscal cyst.
Degenerative transverse tear of the posterior horn.
ACL,PCL,MCL,LCL, lateral meniscus: Not remarkable.
Medial condyle of the distal femur: Chondromalacia grade 2.
Small amount of fluid collection in the suprapatellar bursa, knee joint, and posterior recess of the distal femur and proximal tibia.
Focal subchondral bone erosion in the lateral tibial plateau and proximal tibia.
3. Case 3
5) Present Illness
6) General condition
Sleep pattern∷Light sleep because of pain.
Dietary state: Less appetite (half bowl of rice per meal).
Urination: Favorable
Bowel movements: Once a day, normal stools.
Thirst: Usually drinking a less than average amount of warm water
Sweating: Hardly any sweating during the day.
Tongue assessment: Red tongue
Radial pulse assessment: Relaxed pulse (緩脈)
8) Radiology
MM: Degenerative wear and tear of the posterior horn with extrusion
ACL,PCL,MCL,LCL, and lateral meniscus: Unremarkable.
Trochlear groove of the distal femur: Multifocal chondral defect and subchondral bone erosion and chondromalacia grade 3.
Inner facet of the patella: chondromalacia grade 2 and subchondral bone erosion.
Medial condyle of the distal femur: Diffuse chondral defect, chondromalacia grade 3, subchondral bone erosion, and diffuse bone marrow edema.
Medial tibia plateau: Chondromalacia and diffuse bone marrow edema.
Moderate amount of fluid collection in the suprapatellar bursa, knee joint, and posterior recess of the distal femur and proximal tibia.
Diffuse bone marrow edema in the intercondylar notchy area and proximal tibia.
Tendinosis of the distal semimembranous tendon, and popliteal fossa(medial aspect).