The Protective Effects of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium in the Kidney※

Hwa Young Shin; Hyun Jong Lee and Jae Soo Kim

doi:10.13045/acupunct.2015001

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Original Article

The Acupuncture 2015; 32(1): 1-11

Published online March 20, 2015

https://doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2015001

카드뮴으로 유발된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 침 자극의 신장 보호 효과^※

신화영, 이현종, 김재수^*

대구한의대학교 부속대구한방병원 침구의학과

Received: December 3, 2014; Revised: February 27, 2015; Accepted: March 2, 2015

The Protective Effects of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium in the Kidney^{^※}

Hwa Young Shin, Hyun Jong Lee and Jae Soo Kim^*

Author Info. +

Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University

Correspondence to : *Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 704-123, Republic of Korea
Tel : +82-53-770-2112 E-mail : jaice@hanmail.net
※ This study was supported by Dongil Munhwa Student Aid Foundation in 2013.

Received: December 3, 2014; Revised: February 27, 2015; Accepted: March 2, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Abstract
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Objectives : This study was performed to inquire into the protective effects of acupuncture on oxidative stress caused by cadmium accumulation in the kidney.
Methods : Sprague-Dawley male(150±30 g) rats were stabilized for 1 week and divided into 5 groups: normal, control, LR₃ acupuncture, BL₂₃ acupuncture and sham acupuncture. For three days experimental groups received oral doses of cadmium 2 ㎎/㎏ twice a day. Acupuncture was applied bilaterally at each point 10 times for two weeks. The depth of stimulation was 1 ㎜ at right angles and torsion of acupuncture was produced 2 times per second for 1 minute. The kidneys were extracted and weighed after two weeks, and renal function was confirmed through blood urea nitrogen(BUN). We measured reactive oxygen species of the serum and kidney, and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Bax and Cytochrome c.
Results : The LR₃ acupuncture group and BL₂₃ acupuncture group experienced significantly increased kidney weight, and decreased BUN compared to control group. In terms of oxidative stress, the LR₃ acupuncture group and BL₂₃ acupuncture group experienced significantly reduced reactive oxygen species compared to the control group.
Conclusions : The LR₃ acupuncture group and BL₂₃ acupuncture group experienced showed the effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protection. The BL₂₃ acupuncture group was more effective than LR₃ acupuncture group.

Keywords Acupuncture; Cadmium; Oxidative stress; LR₃; BL₂₃

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Abstract
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Fig. 1.

Renal antioxidant enzyme-related protein expressions

(A) superoxide dismutase(SOD). (B) Catalase. (C) glutathione peroxidase(Gpx).

*: p < 0.05, _**: p < 0.01, _***: p < 0.001 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

Fig. 2.

Renal antioxidant gene-related protein expressions

(A) nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2).

(B) heme oxygenase-1(HO-1).

*: p < 0.05, _**: p < 0.01 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

Fig. 3.

Renal inflammation-related protein expressions

(A) nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB). (B) cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2). (C) inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).

*: p < 0.05, _**: p < 0.01 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

Fig. 4.

Renal apoptosis-related protein expressions

(A) Bax. (B) cytochrome c.

*: p < 0.05, _**: p < 0.01 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

Fig. 5.

Predictable mechanisms in renal tissues applied acupuncture

Tables

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Abstract
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TABLES
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Table 1.

Body Weight Gain and Kidney Weight

Item	Normal	Cadmium 2 mg/kg
Item	Normal	Control	LR₃	BL₂₃	Sham
Body weight gain (g/3 weeks)	89.8±4.2^c	81±7.0	74.6±12.9	77.6±9.6	79.8±10.5
Tissue weight (g) Kidney	2.52±0.07^c	2.01±.0.03	2.05±0.05	2.41±0.10^b	1.96±0.08
% of tissue weight (g/100 g B.W.) Kidney	0.99±0.03^c	0.81±0.01	0.85±0.01^a	1.16±0.07^b	0.81±0.03

^ap < 0.05,

^bp < 0.01,

^cp < 0.001 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

Table 2.

Parameters of Renal Function

Item	Normal	Cadmium 2 mg/kg
Item	Normal	Control	LR₃	BL₂₃	Sham
BUN(mg/dl)	13.6±1.0^b	23.6±1.4	15.3±1.7^a	14.4±1.4^b	20.6±0.5

^ap < 0.05,

^bp < 0.01 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

Table 3.

ROS Generation in the Serum and Kidney

Item	Normal	Cadmium 2 mg/kg
Item	Normal	Control	LR₃	BL₂₃	Sham
Serum ROS(flu/min/mℓ)	61±3^b	145±17	62±5^b	34±2^c	145±21
Renal ROS(flu/min/mg protein)	214±29^c	485±35	176±17^c	169±18^c	466±19

^bp < 0.01,

^cp < 0.001 compared to cadmium-treated control group by ANOVA.

REFERENCES

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Article

Original Article

The Acupuncture 2015; 32(1): 1-11

Published online March 20, 2015 https://doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2015001

카드뮴으로 유발된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 침 자극의 신장 보호 효과^※

신화영, 이현종, 김재수^*

대구한의대학교 부속대구한방병원 침구의학과

Received: December 3, 2014; Revised: February 27, 2015; Accepted: March 2, 2015

The Protective Effects of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium in the Kidney^{^※}

Hwa Young Shin, Hyun Jong Lee and Jae Soo Kim^*

Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University

Correspondence to:*Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 704-123, Republic of Korea
Tel : +82-53-770-2112 E-mail : jaice@hanmail.net
※ This study was supported by Dongil Munhwa Student Aid Foundation in 2013.

Received: December 3, 2014; Revised: February 27, 2015; Accepted: March 2, 2015